Sharp, painful sensations in the lower abdomen, demand for urinating - cystitis gives unpleasant symptoms, the first signs of the disease in women are exactly like this.This is an inflammatory process that occurs on the inner walls of the bladder.The causes and conditions for the development of the disease in women coincide more often than in men.
What is the cystitis
The bladder is a muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity, its upper, which collects urine before it comes through the urethra.This is how the terminal section of the urinary system in the male and female body is regulated.The bladder cavity is gradually filled through two urethra, which are conducting routes to the kidney filtered fluid.When the organ is filled in more than half of its volume, the person feels the encouragement to urinate.This is an unconditional reflex.
The internal environment of the urinary system is sterile, just like the urine that is excreted into a healthy person.The ingestion of infectious agents capable of multiplying under these conditions, as well as chemical irritants and allergens leading to cystitis development, the first symptoms of which will immediately indicate disturbances in the chain described.
Inflammatory, allergic and chemical irritation in the bladder can be caused by various reasons.The ways in which irritants penetrate also vary.
For women, the so -called adhesive route is more typical, that is, the pathogen enters the cavity, rising from the outer urethra.
The same type of cystitis can be found in a young child, especially a baby, for whom there is no proper care at home, or has postpartum pathologies, organic disorders.
Causes of the show in women
It is necessary to understand the difference between the causes and the conditions that initiated cystitis signs in women.Causes are infectious agents and non -infectious factors.The first group includes:
- Opportunistic microorganisms;
- Pathogenic microorganisms;
- Causal agents of sexually transmitted diseases.
Opportunist microbes are so -called because they exhibit their virulent properties when exposed to appropriate conditions.Typically, the causative agents of diseases of this type are representatives of normal vaginal biocenosis or intestinal microflora.They are constantly present on the skin of the genitals and act as a protective barrier.Once a girl becomes hypothermic and receives treatment with antibiotics, which suppress not only pathogenic but also normal flora, the number of microbiocenosis representatives increases rapidly.When they reach a critical measure, they cease to perform a barrier function, changing the value of the mucosa pH and themselves become the cause of the development of inflammation.
In addition, by multiplying, germs spread to unusual areas for them, for example, urethra, bladder.Pathogenic pathogens become a source of inflammatory reactions when staying in a hospital in any profile, but more often, it can be infected in maternity hospitals and obstetric and gynecological departments.Inherent in them that circulate the microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections.
These pathogens differ from common ones in that during the recurrent passage process through weakened organisms, they acquire new features, for example:
- Salmonella, which is spread from air points;
- resistance to a large number of antibiotics;
- immunity to broad spectrum antibacterial drugs;
- The ability to use unusual substances for this species as a nourishing substrate.
The clinical course of cystitis caused by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that acquired new properties during development is characterized by painful manifestations.It is more difficult to fight such cystitis, as the range of antibacterial drugs is narrowed.
Sexually transmitted diseases cannot occur in isolation from the urinary organs due to the features of their anatomical structure.The most common among them are gonorrhea, urethritis trichomonas and cystitis.Through the urethra, which in women is wider and shorter than in men, the bacteria enter the bladder cavity and begin to multiply there.
Causes of non -infectious origin are divided into chemical and allergic factors.Chemical irritants can enter the blood, filtered by the kidneys.These can be medicinal substances, harmful agents of industrial nature, food ingredients.
Allergic agents are evidence of deep suppression of the immune system, which reacts with hypersensitivity to ordinary substances.
Additional conditions that contribute to the development of inflammation are factors such as: hypothermia, wearing synthetic underwear, neglect of personal hygiene rules, acute and chronic gynecological diseases, childbirth, eating irritating foods, pregnancy.
Early signs
The first signs of cystitis in women already require treatment from a specialist and the patient's great attention to her body.You may suspect the development of inflammation in the bladder by detecting a primary syndrome:
- constant itching in the external genital area;
- display of discharge from the urethra;
- painful, annoying pain after urination;
- pain along the urethra;
- Increasing the incentive to go to the toilet;
- Changes in color, clarity of urine, appearance of obvious sediment.
If you do not pay proper attention and do not treat the disease, the first symptoms gradually worsen and acute disease becomes chronic.
Progressive pathology
The medical history of a patient with chronic cystitis can become quite voluminous if the therapy is ignored or no additional rules are followed.Acute symptoms quickly lose their apparent character and get down, no longer causing significant disturbances.
But there are a number of signs of inflammation progress:
- Adding a secondary infection to the kidneys;
- The deterioration attacks of the infection are associated with fever;
- the general situation deteriorates;
- The amount of excreted urine is scarce;
- Urine has a strong odor, is cloudy and can be mixed with pus or blood.
Chronic cystitis does not occur in isolation;Is complicated by inflammatory processes in the kidneys and gynecological pathologies.
The body's resistance gradually decreases, infections of other organs cause cystitis irritation and pass with an increase in body temperature, symptoms of general intoxication, severe weakness and mistreatment.
The demand for urinating is frequent, but the amount of fluid released is small.This is because it irritates a lot of bladder receptors due to changed pH balance and pathological impurities.
Excretion of urine is painful, spasmodic pain does not allow for rest even at night.
The suprapubic region is tense, palpation of the abdominal muscles in the lower abdomen is difficult.
Urine has an unpleasant odor, not a harsh characteristic.When you observe it, you may notice a sediment that falls at the bottom.
Classic signs of acute and chronic cystitis
An acute process occurs for the first time after contact with an infectious agent, chemical irritating or allergen.Symptoms appear clearly and apparently: sharp pain when urinating, unpleasant bladder emptying, lower abdominal pain, itching and burning in the urethra.There may be a short -term increase in temperature, vomiting or weakness, loss of appetite, and may have a connection with the symptoms of deterioration after getting irritating foods or drinks.
Chronic pathology is characterized by the erase of symptoms, the presence of constant disturbance in the suprapubic region and annoying pain.In the phase of forgiveness, the patient feels quite healthy.Irritation occurs after hypothermia, food consumption or irritating drinks, or repeated contact with an allergen.
Types of cystitis in women
Bladder inflammation is classified according to different criteria.
The main types of cystitis include the following:
- by the nature of the process: acute or chronic;
- Due to the appearance: bacterial, chemical or allergic;
- From the accompanying factors: after birth, secondary, after surgery.
Post -surgery cystitis occurs after abortion, distribution by caesarean section and urine is released through a catheter.It is this medical instrument that can become a source of infection.
Postnatal cystitis features
The postnatal period requires great attention and monitoring of postpartum woman, especially at home.Compliance with the rules of careful hygienic care and a frequent urination regimen will help avoid possible post -child complications and increase urinary tract infections.
Post -birth cystitis occurs in the same way as any other, but its treatment is difficult because not all medicines can be taken by a nursing woman.Moreover, this period is characterized by the presence of damage to the external genitals, which makes urination and use of ordinary toilets difficult.
Severe forms of the disease rarely develop, as cystitis treatment does not cause significant difficulties.But most often we have to deal with a chronic form that is difficult to correct with medication if the causative agent is a multidrug resistant microorganism.
Troubleshooting
It usually does not cause difficulties after getting a complete story, urine testing and patient examination.The results of the analysis detect deviations from the norm: decreased specific gravity, changed pH level, presence of pathological blood impurities, leukocytes, sediment, urates and oxalatic crystals.
If necessary, an ultrasound examination and image of X -ray contrast are described to clarify the etiology of the disease.
Treatment
It is necessary to treat acute or chronic comprehensive cystitis.The use of different methods of therapy at the same time contributes to the rapid recovery of the patient.
The main therapeutic agents are:
- antimicrobial tablets;
- anti-inflammatory drugs;
- analgesic and antispasmodics;
- physiotherapy (in forgiveness);
- diet;
- Traditional methods.
Medications for the treatment of cystitis are prescribed by a specialist.Anti-inflammatory drugs are preferable to be prescribed by the group of non-steroidal drugs;They have antispasmodic and analgesic activity.
The diet includes exclusion from sour diet, pickles, spicy foods that have an irritating effect.In this case, it is necessary to drink at least two liters of juice a day to sanitize the bladder.
Popular recipes
Alternative medicine has gained extensive experience in the treatment of urological infections.Recipes have many positive evaluations, which confirms the effectiveness of the methods.But they can only be used in combination with the treatment of medicines.
Good results are obtained by swallowing the decoction of the root of parsley, chamomile and lingonberry leaves.Drinking lingonberry juice has an excellent sanitizing effect.The healing qualities of "bear ears" and blueberries have long been known.You can prepare the following composition and take it three times daily after meals:
- Take dried herb of rosemary, boyfriend, center and rose buttocks in equal proportions;
- Pour boiling water for 30 minutes;
- Simmer in a water bath for 20 minutes;
- Leave for 30 minutes;
- strain and drink as above.
It is contraindicated to drink alcohol, strong drinks or smoke during treatment.
PREVENTION
Measures to prevent cystitis are simple but effective.It is necessary to follow the rules of care, sexual culture, often change hygiene and internal products, avoid hypothermia and consumption of foods and irritating drinks.